Distributed Frequency Control and Congestion Management With Coupling Inter-Area Constraints

Frequency control and congestion management with inter-area flow regulation represent three major control aspects of the modern power system. While there exist a variety of control approaches for each of these parts, the fact that they happen on the same timescale and rely on active power regulation calls for creation of a combined control scheme that can be implemented in a distributed way for robust operation in low-inertia systems with large numbers of controllable agents (distributed generation and controllable loads). In this manuscript we develop such control scheme utilizing primal-dual approach to minimize control response time to any contingency. The control remains fully distributed and globally asymptotically stable even in the cases when coupling inter-area constraints are present. Case studies show that its effectiveness is significantly higher for multi-contingency scenarios in comparison to traditional control.